Compare reactant amounts in moles, identify limiting reagents, calculate theoretical yield and inspect excess reactants.
Useful to know
Can this answer every science question?
No. Each model has stated limits. Use structured fields when a prose question is unsupported. It does not predict reaction products or provide experiment procedures.
Are these official curriculum mappings?
No. These are concept-based resources. KICD and legacy KCSE mappings remain under review; no endorsement is claimed.
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Science learning notes
Find the limiting reactant
Divide each available reactant amount in moles by its balanced coefficient. The smallest ratio determines reaction extent. Multiply that extent by the product coefficient to obtain theoretical product moles.
Example: For 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, 3 mol H2 and 2 mol O2 produce 3 mol H2O.
Common mistake: The reactant with fewer moles is not always limiting; coefficient ratios matter.
What does a yield above 100% mean?
The ideal model cannot create extra product. Check wet product, impurities, measurements and input units.
Concept-based learning; formal curriculum mappings remain under review. No KICD endorsement is claimed.